Have you ever wondered how you can protect yourself from one of the most common but preventable cancers? Colon cancer may not always show early symptoms, but it can be serious if left undetected. In this article, we’ll explore everything you need to know about colon cancer. what puts you at risk, the signs to look for, how screening works, and most importantly The point is, how can you reduce your risk? By the end, you will know how to detect and possibly prevent this disease.
Let’s take this journey together and empower ourselves with valuable information about colon cancer.
Colon cancer is also known as Colorectal cancer. It is a type of cancer that affects the colon (large intestine) or rectum. It occurs due to the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the lining of the colon or rectum, forming Tumors that can interfere with normal digestive functions and if it is left untreated it may spread to other parts of the body.
Colon cancer is a life-threatening disease that affects thousands of people in the United States each year.
According to the American Cancer Society (ACS), it is known as the third most common cancer (excluding skin cancers), with over 106,590 new cases expected in 2024 alone.
While the overall cases of colon cancer are decreasing due to increased screening and lifestyle modifications, the incidence of Colon cancer among people under 55 years is on the rise, highlighting the importance of awareness and vigilance in early detection.
Dr. Anton Bilchik who is a cancer specialist and chief of medicine at Providence Saint John’s Cancer Institute, emphasizes the critical role of early detection in curing colon cancer and allowing patients to lead normal lives. Identifying colon cancer symptoms promptly is challenging because they often copy other common conditions like Irritable Bowel Syndrome or haemorrhoids, leading to potential neglect.
Symptoms of Colon Cancer
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Blood in the Stool
One of the most common symptoms of colon cancer is blood in the stool. This can appear as bright red blood or make the stool look dark and tar-like (known as melena). The presence of blood may indicate bleeding from polyps or tumors in the colon or rectum.
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Changes in Bowel Habits
Persistent changes in bowel habits can be a red flag for colon cancer. This includes diarrhea, constipation, or a change in stool consistency that lasts for more than a few days. Some individuals may experience a feeling of incomplete bowel emptying.
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Abdominal Discomfort or Pain
Cramping, bloating, or discomfort in the abdomen that doesn’t go away can be a symptom of colon cancer. This discomfort may be associated with gas or feelings of fullness, even after a bowel movement.
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Unexplained Weight Loss
Losing weight unintentionally, without changes in diet or exercise, can be a concerning symptom of various health issues, including colon cancer. Unexplained weight loss of 10 pounds or more should prompt further investigation.
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Fatigue and Weakness
Colon cancer can cause fatigue and weakness, often due to anemia (low red blood cell count) caused by chronic blood loss. Anemia can lead to feelings of tiredness, pale skin, and shortness of breath.
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Persistent Iron Deficiency Anemia
Chronic iron deficiency anemia that doesn’t respond to iron supplements or dietary changes can be a sign of colon cancer. This is especially true if the cause of the anemia isn’t identified.
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Changes in Stool Appearance
Stool changes, such as narrow or pencil-thin stools, may indicate a partial blockage in the colon due to a growing tumor. This symptom is often associated with other signs of colon cancer.
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The feeling of Rectal Fullness
A persistent feeling that the rectum is not empty after a bowel movement (tenesmus) can be a symptom of colon cancer, especially if accompanied by other symptoms like blood in the stool.
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Unexplained Anemia in Younger Individuals
In younger individuals, unexplained anemia (low red blood cell count) without an obvious cause, such as heavy menstrual bleeding, should raise suspicion for possible colon cancer or other gastrointestinal issues.
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Changes in Appetite or Digestive Health
Some people with colon cancer may experience changes in appetite, such as a decreased desire to eat or feeling full quickly. Digestive discomfort like nausea or vomiting can also occur.
It’s important to remember that these symptoms can be caused by conditions other than colon cancer. However, if you experience any of these signs persistently or if they worsen over time, it’s essential to consult a healthcare provider for proper evaluation and diagnosis.
Finding colon cancer early makes treatment much more effective. Therefore, if you have any concerns about your digestive health or notice any unusual symptoms then don’t hesitate to seek medical attention.
The Importance of Screening
In the absence of these symptoms, screening everyone over age 45 is necessary according to Dr. Bilchik. Screening methods like play a vital role in early detection and can lead to the removal of precancerous polyps or early-stage colon cancers.
How We can reduce the risk of Colon Cancer
Reducing the risk of colon cancer involves adopting healthy lifestyle choices and participating in regular screening. Here are several key strategies
Eat Well: Fill your plate with lots of fruits, veggies, and whole grains. These foods are packed with nutrients and fibre that keep your digestive system healthy.
Stay Active: Find activities you enjoy, like walking, dancing, or playing sports. Aim to get moving for at least 30 minutes most days of the week—it’s great for your overall health, including your colon.
Keep a Healthy Weight: Try to maintain a weight that’s right for you. Being overweight can increase your risk of colon cancer, so eating well and staying active are key.
Watch Your Alcohol: It’s okay to enjoy a drink now and then, but try to keep it moderate. Too much alcohol over time can increase your risk for colon cancer.
Quit Smoking: If you smoke, consider quitting. Smoking isn’t just bad for your lungs—it’s linked to various cancers, including colon cancer.
Get Screened: Regular check-ups and screening tests are important, especially as you get older. Tests like colonoscopies can catch issues early when they’re easier to treat.
Know Your Family History: Talk to your family about any history of colon cancer. If it runs in your family, you might need to start screening earlier.
Consider Supplements: Some studies suggest that vitamin D might help lower the risk of colon cancer. Chat with your doctor about whether you should take supplements.
Manage Health Conditions: If you have conditions like diabetes or inflammatory bowel disease, work with your doctor to keep them under control. It can help lower your risk.
Listen to Your Body: If you notice any changes in your bowel habits or have symptoms like persistent stomach pain or blood in your stool, don’t ignore them. See your doctor to get checked out.
Treatment of Colon Cance
The treatment of colon cancer depends on several factors, including the stage of the cancer, its location, and the overall health of the patient. Treatment for colon cancer often involves a team of specialists working together to create a personalized plan. Here are some common treatment options for colon cancer, as suggested by Dr Cash.
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Surgery
Surgery is the primary treatment for localized colon cancer. The goal is to remove the cancerous tumor along with surrounding healthy tissue and nearby lymph nodes. Depending on the size and location of the tumor, different surgical techniques may be used, including:
- Laparoscopic Surgery: Minimally invasive surgery performed through small incisions using a camera and specialized instruments.
- Open Surgery: Traditional surgery involving a larger incision to access the colon or rectum.
In some cases, a temporary or permanent colostomy (a surgically created opening in the abdomen for waste elimination) may be necessary, especially if a significant portion of the colon or rectum is removed.
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Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy involves the use of powerful drugs to kill cancer cells or prevent them from growing and dividing. It is often used after surgery (adjuvant chemotherapy) to destroy any remaining cancer cells or before surgery (neoadjuvant chemotherapy) to shrink the tumor and make it easier to remove.
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Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to target and destroy cancer cells. It is less commonly used for colon cancer but may be recommended in specific situations, such as to relieve symptoms or shrink tumors before surgery.
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Targeted Therapy
Targeted therapy drugs specifically target certain molecules or pathways involved in cancer growth. These drugs may be used alone or in combination with chemotherapy to treat advanced or metastatic colon cancer.
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Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy works by boosting the body’s immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. While not yet widely used for colon cancer, ongoing research is exploring its potential effectiveness in certain cases
Team-Based Approach
Treating colon cancer involves a team effort with gastroenterologists, surgeons, cancer specialists, and radiation specialists working together. This collaborative approach maximizes treatment success and provides comprehensive support for patients during their cancer journey.
Survival Rates
The survival rate for colon cancer varies depending on the stage at diagnosis and other factors. Here is a general overview of the five-year survival rates for colon cancer based on stage.
| Stage of Colon Cancer | 5-Year Survival Rate |
| Stage I | Approximately 90% |
| Stage II | Around 80% |
| Stage III | About 70% |
| Stage IV | Approximately 15-20% |
Conclusion
In conclusion, recognizing early signs of colon cancer, particularly blood in the stool, is paramount for timely diagnosis and effective treatment. Heightened awareness, regular screening, and proactive healthcare measures can significantly improve the prognosis and quality of life for individuals at risk of this disease.
